With NASA preparing for the Artemis II liftoff on April 1, the United States stands on the verge of another historic moment in human spaceflight.

The mission will be the first to send astronauts aboard the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and Orion spacecraft, and it will mark the first crewed journey around the moon since 1972.

If successful, Artemis II is expected to secure its place in the annals of space history.

Yet this mission follows a long legacy of groundbreaking launches. Below is a look at some of the most significant milestones that have defined U.S. space exploration.

First launch from Cape Canaveral: July 24, 1950
The United States opened a new era in rocketry with the launch of Bumper 2 from Cape Canaveral, Florida.

The two-stage vehicle paired a V-2 missile with a WAC Corporal upper stage, reaching an altitude of nearly 250 miles—an unprecedented achievement at the time.

Bumper 2 missions enabled scientists to gather data on atmospheric conditions, including air temperatures and cosmic radiation.

First American in space: May 5, 1961
Alan Shepard became the first American in space aboard Freedom 7 on May 5, 1961.

Though the suborbital mission lasted only about 15 minutes, it marked a critical step forward for human spaceflight.

As part of Project Mercury, the flight provided NASA with valuable insight into how the human body reacts beyond Earth.

Friendship 7: February 20, 1962
John Glenn Jr. made history in 1962 as the first American to orbit Earth during the Friendship 7 mission.

He completed three orbits before safely splashing down, with the flight lasting 4 hours, 55 minutes and 23 seconds.

Apollo 8: December 21, 1968
Apollo 8 stands among the boldest missions ever undertaken, becoming the first crewed spacecraft to orbit the moon.

During the six-day mission, astronauts circled the lunar surface 10 times before returning home.

Their achievement earned them recognition as Time magazine’s "Men of the Year" for 1968.

Apollo 11: July 16, 1969
A towering 363-foot Saturn V rocket carried Apollo 11 into space from Kennedy Space Center on July 16, 1969.

The mission made history as the first to land humans on the moon.

Commander Neil Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin led the effort, paving the way for six subsequent lunar missions.

Skylab 1: May 14, 1973
NASA launched its first space station, Skylab, in May 1973.

Over approximately 24 weeks, three astronaut crews lived and worked aboard the station, conducting long-duration research in space.

Skylab eventually reentered Earth’s atmosphere on July 11, 1979, scattering debris across the Indian Ocean and parts of Western Australia.

Space Shuttle Columbia: April 12, 1981
The debut of the Space Shuttle program came on April 12, 1981, nearly two decades after the first human spaceflight.

Columbia’s launch marked the beginning of reusable spacecraft operations.

It was also the first time a newly developed spacecraft carried astronauts on its maiden voyage.

The shuttle program ultimately completed more than 100 missions over 30 years before concluding in 2011.

STS-31 (Hubble Launch): April 24, 1990
NASA placed the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit in 1990, transforming scientific observation.

Operating above Earth’s atmosphere, Hubble delivered detailed images of galaxies, nebulae and stars.

Its findings deepened understanding of black holes, the universe’s expansion and its age, reshaping modern astronomy.

Falcon Heavy Launch: February 6, 2018
The inaugural Falcon Heavy launch marked a turning point in contemporary spaceflight.

Recognized as the most powerful operational rocket at the time, it generated roughly five million pounds of thrust.

The mission drew worldwide attention and highlighted the capabilities of reusable heavy-lift technology.

Crew Dragon Demo-2: May 30, 2020
The Crew Dragon Demo-2 mission, launched on May 30, 2020, represented a major shift in space operations.

It became the first crewed mission conducted by a private company, SpaceX, using the Falcon 9 rocket.

Astronauts traveled to the International Space Station, marking the first U.S. crewed launch since the shuttle program ended in 2011.

After spending about two months in orbit, the crew returned safely to Earth on August 2, 2020.