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In a dramatic overnight session, the Senate ignited a high-stakes political battle, taking its first decisive step toward reviving the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Early Thursday, lawmakers voted to adopt a budget framework tied to the Senate GOP immigration funding plan, a move that would channel billions into Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Border Patrol—despite fierce Democratic resistance. The measure now heads to the House, where its fate remains uncertain.

The department has remained shuttered since mid-February, a paralysis triggered by Democratic demands for sweeping reforms following the fatal shootings of two protesters by federal agents. Republicans, however, are charting a different course—one that prioritizes enforcement funding through the intricate and often grueling budget reconciliation process.

A Political Chess Match Unfolds

“This is a multistep journey,” Senate Majority Leader John Thune said, framing the effort as a strategic endgame. He argued Republicans would ultimately secure border protections while blocking Democratic attempts to cut funding for key enforcement agencies.

Unlike most legislation, reconciliation allows Republicans to bypass the Senate’s 60-vote filibuster threshold—an advantage given their 53-seat majority. But that shortcut comes at a cost: heightened scrutiny from the Senate parliamentarian and a marathon of amendment votes that can stretch late into the night.

That reality played out vividly as senators plunged into hours of voting beginning Wednesday evening and spilling into early Thursday morning. Democrats used the opportunity to spotlight alternative priorities, introducing amendments aimed at lowering health care and everyday costs.

“Instead of pouring hundreds of billions into enforcement, we should be easing financial burdens on Americans,” Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer said, drawing a stark contrast in party agendas.

Despite the pushback, the Senate approved the resolution 50-48 shortly after 3:30 a.m., pushing the plan one step closer to reality.

A Long Road to Reopening DHS

Funding Strategy Takes Shape

The $70 billion resolution would fund ICE and Border Patrol for three years—covering the remainder of former President Donald Trump’s term. Once cleared by the House and vetted by the Senate parliamentarian, lawmakers could move to finalize the measure.

Notably, the Senate has already passed a bipartisan bill to fund the rest of DHS. But House Republicans are holding that legislation hostage, insisting progress on immigration enforcement funding must come first.

Thune and GOP leaders aim to keep the bill tightly focused. Still, pressure is mounting within their own ranks to expand it. Proposals range from agricultural aid to the SAVE America Act—a voting measure requiring proof of citizenship.

Sen. John Kennedy briefly disrupted proceedings, likening the bill to “the last train leaving the station” before midterm elections shut down major legislative opportunities. Though he ultimately relented, his warning underscored the urgency—and tension—within the GOP.

Democrats Demand Accountability

Democrats remain firm: any DHS funding must include reforms. Their proposals call for clearer identification of federal agents, expanded use of judicial warrants, and broader oversight of immigration enforcement practices.

The impasse traces back to January, when federal agents fatally shot Renee Good and Alex Pretti in Minneapolis. In response, Trump agreed to separate DHS funding from a broader spending bill. Yet negotiations quickly stalled, leaving the department in limbo.

In March, the Senate attempted a workaround—passing a bill to fund all DHS components except ICE and Border Patrol. But House Republicans rejected it outright, insisting on a comprehensive approach.

As Congress departed for a two-week recess, the issue remained unresolved. In the interim, Trump relied on executive orders to keep some paychecks flowing, though the long-term outlook remains murky.

House Showdown Looms

Uncertain Path Forward

During the recess, Thune and House Speaker Mike Johnson unveiled a two-track strategy: pass general DHS funding through standard procedures while advancing ICE and Border Patrol funding separately through reconciliation.

Weeks later, however, Johnson has yet to commit to bringing the Senate’s broader DHS bill to the floor. Divisions within the GOP persist, with some lawmakers echoing Kennedy’s call to attach additional priorities.

Johnson emphasized sequencing, warning against funding the department without securing enforcement dollars first.

But time is slipping away. Thune cautioned that other DHS components could soon run dry before the reconciliation process concludes.

“The signal is clear—we’re moving forward,” Thune said, leaving the next move squarely in the House’s hands. “If not, we’ll have to consider another path.”