The U.S. Supreme Court announced Wednesday it will hear TikTok’s First Amendment challenge to a federal law mandating that the social media giant’s Chinese parent company, ByteDance, either sell its American operations or face a nationwide ban. The court has fast-tracked the case, scheduling oral arguments for Jan. 10—just nine days before the law’s compliance deadline.

TikTok Seeks Stay or Full Review

TikTok and ByteDance filed an emergency request earlier this week for a stay on a D.C. Circuit ruling that upheld the April law, formally titled the Protecting Americans From Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act. Alternatively, they urged the Supreme Court to treat the request as a petition for a full review, which the justices agreed to do.

In its petition, TikTok warned that enforcing the law would shutter one of the country’s most popular social media platforms and violate its free speech rights. The app has over 150 million American users and plays a major role in cultural and political discourse.

"An interim injunction is appropriate because it will give the incoming administration time to determine its position," TikTok and ByteDance said, referencing President-elect Donald Trump’s recent statements supporting the platform. Trump is set to be inaugurated on Jan. 20, the day after ByteDance’s compliance deadline.

Congressional and National Security Concerns

The law, passed amid bipartisan fears of Chinese surveillance and content manipulation, applies to any platform designated by the president as a "foreign adversary-controlled application." So far, only TikTok has been subjected to this label, a point the company cited in its legal challenge as evidence of discriminatory targeting.

"Neither Congress, the government nor the D.C. Circuit identified any evidentiary basis to declare that the 'covert' nature of any such risk could not be remedied through an express disclosure," TikTok argued. It further claimed the national security concerns driving the law were speculative and unsupported by clear evidence.

Trump’s Shift on TikTok

TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew met with Trump earlier this week in Florida, where the former president expressed openness to reconsidering the platform’s U.S. operations. "I have a warm spot in my heart for TikTok," Trump said at a news conference, crediting the app with engaging younger voters during his campaign.

TikTok’s attorneys emphasized that a temporary stay of the law would not harm national security, arguing that ByteDance poses no imminent threat. They also claimed the law infringes on free speech by targeting TikTok based on disagreement with its users’ content and alleged editorial practices.

First Amendment at Stake

In its filing, TikTok highlighted the broader implications of the case, asserting that the law unjustly singles out TikTok while ignoring other platforms with similar or greater risks. "Congress has no legitimate interest in interfering with the U.S. ownership of an expressive platform to alter its content," the company wrote.

The high court’s decision could set a critical precedent for balancing national security concerns against free speech protections, particularly in an era of growing scrutiny over foreign-controlled tech platforms.