The Race to Space Mining
Enter AstroForge, the California-based startup betting its future on being first to commercially extract metals from asteroids. On February 26, 2025, the company launched its pioneering Odin spacecraft aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Kennedy Space Center. Nine days later, Odin successfully passed beyond the Moon into deep space with a singular mission: capture critical images of asteroid 2022 OB5.
“Yes, there are a lot more baby steps to take. But we’re going to start to actually do it. You have to try,” says Matt Gialich, AstroForge’s co-founder and CEO.
The company’s target isn’t just any space rock—it’s asteroids rich in platinum-group metals, the same elements essential to fuel cells, renewable energy technology, catalytic converters, and advanced electronics. These metals are becoming increasingly difficult and costly to extract from Earth, both financially and environmentally. Geopolitically, they concentrate power in the hands of nations willing to exploit both their geology and their people.
Gialich’s roadmap is methodical but ambitious. Following additional test launches planned for next year, AstroForge aims to recover small quantities of metal—initially just grams, scaling to kilograms—from asteroids measuring anywhere from a few meters to half a kilometer in diameter. Early hauls won’t be commercially profitable, but they’ll prove the concept works.
“Bring back a few micrograms to show it can be done and then scaling the process up is relatively straightforward,” Gialich explains. “To fully realize asteroid mining may be a multi-decade project. But it’s just a mathematical problem.”
The engineering challenges are formidable but not unprecedented. State space agencies have already demonstrated the technical feasibility of collecting samples directly from asteroids. Japan’s Jaxa succeeded with its Hayabusa 1 and 2 missions in 2005 and 2014, while NASA’s Osiris-Rex mission accomplished the same feat in 2020. What remains is transitioning from government-funded scientific missions to commercially viable operations.
The financial incentive is staggering. One kilogram of rhodium—a platinum-group metal used in catalytic converters and industrial processes—currently sells for $228,273.80. A single metallic asteroid several hundred meters wide could theoretically contain more platinum-group metals than have been mined in all of human history.
Scientists estimate that asteroid 16 Psyche, currently being studied by NASA’s mission launched in 2023, may contain $10 quintillion worth of iron, nickel, and precious metals. While Psyche orbits in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter—too distant for near-term mining—thousands of near-Earth asteroids pass within millions of miles of our planet, making them far more accessible targets.
The economics become compelling when compared to terrestrial mining. Extracting rare earths from Earth requires processing massive amounts of ore using toxic chemicals, generating radioactive waste, and often relying on labor practices that would be illegal in developed nations. Space mining eliminates the environmental destruction and human exploitation inherent to earthbound operations.
