This brightness is due to the intense radiation they emit across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, a result of the activity surrounding the supermassive black hole at the center of these young galaxies.
Quasars are powered by matter falling into a supermassive black hole, which generates enormous amounts of energy. The leading theory is that when two gas-rich galaxies merge, the gravitational forces cause gas to fall toward the supermassive black hole, igniting quasar activity. This process is believed to be at the heart of the formation of monster galaxies, like the one currently being observed.
