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The NRA, represented in part by the American Civil Liberties Union, told the Supreme Court that Vullo's actions clearly crossed the line and set a dangerous precedent of regulators wielding their powers to persecute groups for protected speech activities. Vullo, in turn, urged the justices to uphold the Second Circuit's ruling, saying that she acted within her authority and that allowing the NRA to proceed would open the floodgates to endless First Amendment claims that would effectively chill government regulation and erode prosecutorial immunity. The justices' decision is also a win for the U.S. government, which filed an amicus brief pressing the court for a narrow NRA win because the alleged meeting between Vullo and the Lloyd's underwriter provided a "straightforward basis" for reversal and an avenue to avoid "harder questions" raised by other regulatory actions. The court's decision largely relied on the meeting, stating that additional alleged actions "reinforce the NRA's First Amendment claim." The NRA is represented by Noah Peters, Sarah B. Rogers, and William A. Brewer III of Brewer Attorneys & Counselors; David Cole of the American Civil Liberties Union Foundation; and Eugene Volokh and Alan B. Morrison. Vullo is represented by Trevor William Morrison of Kaplan Hecker & Fink LLP; Andrew G. Celli Jr. and Debra L. Greenberger of Emery Celli Brinckerhoff Abady Ward & Maazel LLP; Neal K. Katyal, William E. Havemann, Danielle Desaulniers Stempel, Reedy C. Swanson and Kristina Alekseyeva of Hogan Lovells; and Mary B. McCord and William Powell of the Institute for Constitutional Advocacy and Protection at the Georgetown University Law Center. The government is represented by U.S. Solicitor General Elizabeth Prelogar and Brian M. Boynton, Brian H. Fletcher, Sopan Joshi, Ephraim A. McDowell, Daniel Tenny, and Daniel Winik of the U.S. Department of Justice. The case is The National Rifle Association of America v. Vullo, case number 22-842, before the Supreme Court of the United States.