Mortgage demand, which saw four straight months of declines, plunged last week to the lowest level since 1997, as interest rates continued to surge.

Homebuyers’ demand for mortgages fell 4% for the week and was 38% lower than the same week one year ago, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association. Applications to refinance a home loan plummeted 7% compared with the previous week, in seasonally adjusted terms. Demand was 86% lower than the same week one year ago.

The number of borrowers who can benefit from refinancing is at a record low. Interest rates were so low during the first two years of the Covid pandemic that the vast majority of borrowers with higher rates already refinanced.

The average contract interest rate for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages with conforming loan balances ($647,200 or less) soared to 6.94% from 6.81%, with points decreasing to 0.95 from 0.97 (including the origination fee) for loans with a 20% down payment. That is the highest rate since 2002 on the MBA’s index.

“The speed and level to which rates have climbed this year have greatly reduced refinance activity and exacerbated existing affordability challenges in the purchase market,” Joel Kan, an MBA economist, said in a release Wednesday. “Residential housing activity ranging from new housing starts to home sales have been on downward trends coinciding with the rise in rates.”

Mortgage rates moved even higher this week, with another reading from Mortgage News Daily putting the 30-year fixed at 7.15% on Tuesday.

Higher rates and falling buyer demand caused homebuilder sentiment to fall again on the National Association of Home Builders index. Builder sentiment, now well into the negative range, is half of what it was just six months ago.