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Europe’s highest court has delivered a preliminary ruling that could shake the foundations of Google’s grip on digital platforms. In a decision that underscores the growing antitrust pressure on Big Tech, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) found that Google likely violated competition laws by blocking an electric vehicle (EV) charging app from integrating with Android Auto. The case, which stems from a €100 million ($104 million) fine imposed by Italian regulators, now returns to Italy for a final judgment.

Google’s Control Over Android Auto Under Fire

At the heart of the case is Google’s refusal to allow Enel SpA’s JuicePass—an app designed to locate and book EV charging stations—to operate on Android Auto, a system that mirrors smartphone functions on a car’s dashboard. Enel, which manages 60% of Italy’s EV charging stations, had sought access to the platform, arguing that Google’s restrictions stifled competition.

Google defended its stance, citing security concerns and the need for resource allocation. But the ECJ wasn’t convinced, stating that denying access to a dominant platform could amount to an abuse of market power—even if the platform wasn’t absolutely essential for the app’s success.

A Blow to Google’s Defense

The ruling followed a referral from Italy’s Council of State, which is reviewing Google’s challenge to the Italian Competition Authority’s (AGCM) fine. The ECJ’s decision aligns with a prior advisory opinion from Advocate General Laila Medina, who argued that dominant tech firms cannot arbitrarily block third-party access when their platforms are meant for broader use.

Google’s actions, according to the court, may have unfairly disadvantaged Enel by limiting JuicePass’s appeal to consumers. While the app remained available through other means, its absence from Android Auto likely deterred potential users. The court’s opinion suggests that such exclusionary tactics could constitute anti-competitive behavior—even if they don’t outright eliminate competition.

What’s Next for Google?

The case now returns to the Italian Council of State, where Google will attempt to justify its actions. The tech giant has maintained that its decisions were based on prioritizing features most useful to drivers, rather than catering to specific companies. In a statement, a Google spokesperson noted that the requested features have since been introduced and emphasized that the change originally affected just 0.04% of cars in Italy.

Google’s legal battle mirrors broader global scrutiny over its market dominance, with regulators increasingly cracking down on potential abuses in digital ecosystems. As the final decision looms, the case could set a precedent for how dominant tech firms interact with third-party developers in tightly controlled digital spaces.